path: root/doc/C/apx-fdl.sgml

<appendix id="fdl">
  <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
  <para>
    Version 1.1, March 2000
  </para>
  
  <para>
    Copyright &copy; 2000 
    <address>
      Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
      <street>59 Temple Place, Suite 330</street>, 
      <city>Boston</city>, 
      <state>MA</state>  
      <postcode>02111-1307</postcode>  
      <country>USA</country>
    </address> 
    Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
    document, but changing it is not allowed.
  </para>
  
  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry id="fdl-preamble">
      <term>0. PREAMBLE</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
      written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
      the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
      modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
      this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
      credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
      modifications made by others.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
      works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
      complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
      license designed for free software.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
      software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
      program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
      software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
      can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
      whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
      principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section1">
      <term>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</term>
      <listitem>
    <para id="fdl-document">
      This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
      notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
      under the terms of this License. The <link
      linkend="fdl-document">"Document" </link>, below, refers to any such
      manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
      addressed as "you".
    </para>
    
    <para id="fdl-modified">
      A <link linkend="fdl-modified">"Modified Version"</link> of the
      Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it,
      either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into
      another language.
    </para>
    
    <para id="fdl-secondary">
      A <link linkend="fdl-secondary">"Secondary Section"</link> is a named
      appendix or a front-matter section of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> that deals exclusively with the
      relationship of the publishers or authors of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document"> Document</link> to the <link
      linkend="fdl-document"> Document's</link> overall subject (or to
      related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within
      that overall subject. (For example, if the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is in part a textbook of
      mathematics, a <link linkend="fdl-secondary">Secondary Section</link>
      may not explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter
      of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
      of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
      regarding them.
    </para>

    <para id="fdl-invariant">
      The <link linkend="fdl-invariant">"Invariant Sections"</link> are
      certain <link linkend="fdl-secondary"> Secondary Sections</link> whose
      titles are designated, as being those of <link
      linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link>, in the notice that
      says that the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released
      under this License.
    </para>

    <para id="fdl-cover-texts">
      The <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">"Cover Texts"</link> are certain
      short passages of text that are listed, as <link
      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link> or <link
      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link>, in the notice that
      says that the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released
      under this License.
    </para>
    
    <para id="fdl-transparent">
      A <link linkend="fdl-transparent">"Transparent"</link> copy of the
      <link linkend="fdl-document"> Document</link> means a machine-readable
      copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the
      general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
      straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
      pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
      drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
      for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
      to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise <link
      linkend="fdl-transparent"> Transparent</link> file format whose markup
      has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
      readers is not <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link>.  A
      copy that is not <link linkend="fdl-transparent">"Transparent"</link>
      is called "Opaque".
    </para>
    
    <para>
      Examples of suitable formats for <link
      linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copies include plain
      ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
      or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
      HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
      PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
      by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
      processing tools are not generally available, and the
      machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
      purposes only.
    </para>
    
    <para id="fdl-title-page">
      The <link linkend="fdl-title-page">"Title Page"</link> means, for a
      printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are
      needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear
      in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title
      page as such, <link linkend="fdl-title-page"> "Title Page"</link>
      means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
      preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section2">
      <term>2. VERBATIM COPYING</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      You may copy and distribute the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> in any medium, either
      commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
      copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
      to the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> are reproduced in
      all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those
      of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
      control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
      distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
      copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must
      also follow the conditions in <link linkend="fdl-section3">section
      3</link>.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
      you may publicly display copies.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section3">
      <term>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      If you publish printed copies of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100, and
      the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document's</link> license notice
      requires <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>, you must
      enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
      these <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>:  Front-Cover
      Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both
      covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of
      these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
      words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other
      material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
      the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and satisfy these conditions,
      can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
      legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
      reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
      pages.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      If you publish or distribute <link
      linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copies of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100, you
      must either include a machine-readable <link
      linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy along with each
      <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copy, or state in or
      with each <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copy a
      publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
      <link linkend="fdl-transparent"> Transparent</link> copy of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, free of added material, which
      the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at
      no charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the
      latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
      distribution of <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copies
      in quantity, to ensure that this <link
      linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy will remain thus
      accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the
      last time you distribute an <link
      linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copy (directly or through your
      agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
      <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> well before
      redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to
      provide you with an updated version of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section4">
      <term>4. MODIFICATIONS</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      You may copy and distribute a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
      Version</link> of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
      under the conditions of sections <link linkend="fdl-section2">2</link>
      and <link linkend="fdl-section3">3</link> above, provided that you
      release the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> under
      precisely this License, with the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
      Version</link> filling the role of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, thus licensing distribution
      and modification of the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
      Version</link> to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you
      must do these things in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
      Version</link>:
    </para>
    
    <itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>A</title>
          <para>
        Use in the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link> (and
        on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, and from those of
        previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in
        the History section of the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>). You may use the same
        title as a previous version if the original publisher of that
        version gives permission.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>B</title>
          <para>
        List on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>, as
        authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
        authorship of the modifications in the <link
        linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, together with at
        least five of the principal authors of the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> (all of its principal
        authors, if it has less than five).
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>C</title>
          <para>
        State on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>
        the name of the publisher of the <link
        linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, as the
        publisher.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>D</title>
          <para>
        Preserve all the copyright notices of the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>E</title>
          <para>
        Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
        adjacent to the other copyright notices.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>F</title>
          <para>
        Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
        notice giving the public permission to use the <link
        linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> under the terms
        of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>G</title>
          <para>
        Preserve in that license notice the full lists of <link
        linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> and required
        <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link> given in the
        <link linkend="fdl-document">Document's</link> license notice.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>H</title>
          <para>
        Include an unaltered copy of this License.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>I</title>
          <para>
        Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add
        to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
        publisher of the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version
        </link>as given on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
        Page</link>.  If there is no section entitled "History" in the
        <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, create one stating
        the title, year, authors, and publisher of the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> as given on its <link
        linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>, then add an item
        describing the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
        Version</link> as stated in the previous sentence.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>J</title>
          <para>
        Preserve the network location, if any, given in the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> for public access to a
        <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy of the
        <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, and likewise the
        network locations given in the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> for previous versions it
        was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
        may omit a network location for a work that was published at
        least four years before the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> itself, or if the
        original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>K</title>
          <para>
        In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
        preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all
        the substance and tone of each of the contributor
        acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>L</title>
          <para>
        Preserve all the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
        Sections</link> of the <link
        linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, unaltered in their text
        and in their titles.  Section numbers or the equivalent are not
        considered part of the section titles.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>M</title>
          <para>
        Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may
        not be included in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
        Version</link>.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
      
      <listitem>
        <formalpara>
          <title>N</title>
          <para>
        Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
        conflict in title with any <link
        linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Section</link>.
          </para>
        </formalpara>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    
    <para>
      If the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> includes
      new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as <link
      linkend="fdl-secondary">Secondary Sections</link> and contain no
      material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
      some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
      titles to the list of <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
      Sections</link> in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
      Version's</link> license notice. These titles must be distinct from
      any other section titles.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
      nothing but endorsements of your <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
      Version</link> by various parties--for example, statements of peer
      review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the
      authoritative definition of a standard.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      You may add a passage of up to five words as a <link
      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Text</link>, and a passage of up
      to 25 words as a <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover
      Text</link>, to the end of the list of <link
      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link> in the <link
      linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>.  Only one passage of
      <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Text</link> and one of
      <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Text</link> may be added by
      (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> already includes a cover text
      for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by
      the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another;
      but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the
      previous publisher that added the old one.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      The author(s) and publisher(s) of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> do not by this License give
      permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
      endorsement of any <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version
      </link>.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section5">
      <term>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      You may combine the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> with
      other documents released under this License, under the terms defined
      in <link linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link> above for modified
      versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
      <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> of all of the
      original documents, unmodified, and list them all as <link
      linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> of your combined
      work in its license notice.
    </para>

    <para>
      The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
      multiple identical <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
      Sections</link> may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
      multiple <link linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> with
      the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
      section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of
      the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
      unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
      list of <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> in the
      license notice of the combined work.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
      in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
      "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
      and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
      entitled "Endorsements."
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section6">
      <term>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      You may make a collection consisting of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and other documents released
      under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License
      in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
      collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
      verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
      distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
      copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
      License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
      document.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section7">
      <term>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      A compilation of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> or
      its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or
      works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not
      as a whole count as a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
      Version</link> of the <link linkend="fdl-document"> Document</link>,
      provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation.
      Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not
      apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> , on account of their being
      thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of the
      <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.  If the <link
      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Text</link> requirement of <link
      linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link> is applicable to these copies
      of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, then if the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is less than one quarter of the
      entire aggregate, the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document's</link>
      <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link> may be placed on
      covers that surround only the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> within the aggregate. Otherwise
      they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section8">
      <term>8. TRANSLATION</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
      distribute translations of the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the terms of <link
      linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>. Replacing <link
      linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> with translations
      requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
      include translations of some or all <link
      linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> in addition to the
      original versions of these <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
      Sections</link>. You may include a translation of this License
      provided that you also include the original English version of this
      License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the
      original English version of this License, the original English version
      will prevail.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section9">
      <term>9. TERMINATION</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the <link
      linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> except as expressly provided
      for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense
      or distribute the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is
      void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
      License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from
      you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long
      as such parties remain in full compliance.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    
    <varlistentry id="fdl-section10">
      <term>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      The <ulink type="http" url="http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html">Free
      Software Foundation</ulink> may publish new, revised versions of the
      GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
      will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
      detail to address new problems or concerns. See <ulink type="http"
      url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.
    </para>
    
    <para>
      Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
      number. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> specifies
      that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later
      version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
      conditions either of that specified version or of any later version
      that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
      Foundation. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> does
      not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
      version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
      Foundation.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry id="fdl-using">
      <term>Addendum</term>
      <listitem>
    <para>
      To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
      the License in the document and put the following copyright and
      license notices just after the title page:
    </para>

    <para>
      Copyright &copy; YEAR  YOUR NAME.
    </para>

    <para>
      Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
      under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
      any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
      <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> being LIST
      THEIR TITLES, with the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover
      Texts</link> being LIST, and with the <link
      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link> being LIST.  A copy
      of the license is included in the section entitled <quote>GNU Free
      Documentation License</quote>.
    </para>

    <para>
      If you have no <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
      Sections</link>, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead of saying
      which ones are invariant.  If you have no <link
      linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link>, write "no
      Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
      for <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link>.
    </para>

    <para>
      If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
      recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
      free software license, such as the <ulink type="http"
      url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"> GNU General Public
      License</ulink>, to permit their use in free software.
    </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
</appendix>